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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: Natural Resources, Economic Visions, and US Intervention in Twentieth-Century Bolivia -- 1. The Road to Resource Nationalism: Economic Ideas and Popular Coalitions in La Paz, 1927–1952 -- 2. A New Type of Bolivian Economy: Competing Visions, 1952–1956 -- 3. The Political Economy of Containment: Privatization, Austerity, and the MNR's Shift to the Right, 1955–1964 -- 4. The Battle for Men's Minds: Economic Paradigms, Propaganda, and the Iconography of Revolution -- 5. The Limits of Containment: Anti-Austerity and Resource Nationalism in La Paz Factories -- 6. Oil and Nation: The Crusade to Save Bolivia's Hydrocarbons -- Epilogue: Resource Nationalism and Popular Struggle in the Twenty-First Century -- Appendix: Professional Backgrounds of Key Middle-Class Participants in Economic Debates, 1940s–1960s -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Many treatments of the twentieth-century Latin American left assume a movement populated mainly by affluent urban youth whose naïve dreams of revolution collapsed under the weight of their own elitism, racism, sexism, and sectarian dogmas. However, this book demonstrates that the history of the left was much more diverse. Many leftists struggled against capitalism and empire while also confronting racism, patriarchy, and authoritarianism. The left's ideology and practice were often shaped by leftists from marginalized populations, from Bolivian indigenous communities in the 1920s to the revolutionary women of El Salvador's guerrilla movements in the 1980s. Through ten historical case studies of ten different countries, Making the Revolution highlights some of the most important research on the Latin American left by leading senior and up-and-coming scholars, offering a needed corrective and valuable contribution to modern Latin American history, politics, and sociology.

This essay reviews the following works:
The Revolution from Within: Cuba, 1959–1980. Edited by Michael J. Bustamante and Jennifer L. Lambe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. viii + 332. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478002963.The Guerrilla Legacy of the Cuban Revolution. By Anna Clayfield. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2019. Pp. xii + 204. $85.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400899.Exile within Exiles: Herbert Daniel, Gay Brazilian Revolutionary. By James N. Green. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 322. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478000860.Desafiando los poderes: Acción colectiva y frentes de masas en El Salvador (1948–1980). By Luis R. Huezo Mixco. San Salvador: Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Arte de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia en colaboración con la Editorial Universidad Gerardo Barrios, 2017. Pp. 330. Paperback. ISBN: 9789996160509.The Zapatista Movement and Mexico's Democratic Transition: Mobilization, Success, and Survival. By María Inclán. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 166. $78.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190869465.Cuban Revolution in America: Havana and the Making of a United States Left, 1968–1992. By Teishan A. Latner. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 351. $39.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781469635460.Beyond the Vanguard: Everyday Revolutionaries in Allende's Chile. By Marian E. Schlotterbeck. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 234. $34.85 paperback. ISBN: 9780520298064.La revolución cubana en nuestra América: El internacionalismo anónimo. By Luis Suárez Salazar and Dirk Kruijt. Havana: Ruth Casa Editorial, 2015. $10.20 e-book. ISBN: 9789962703167.

The 1992 Salvadoran peace accords brought only a superficial version of democracy that remained largely unresponsive to the population. In 2009 the left-wing opposition party, the FMLN, won the presidential elections. However, despite winning some notable progressive reforms, it did not seek, much less achieve, a radical break with the neoliberal policies of prior administrations. Drawing from personal interviews, journalistic reports, polls, academic studies, and official and nongovernmental reports, I argue that the FMLN's shift away from revolutionary socialism is attributable to several factors: a political and media terrain that still heavily favors the right, the continued influence of the United States government, and private investors' control over the economy. These forces can also help explain the limitations on progressive governments in other countries. ; Los acuerdos de paz de 1992 en El Salvador trajeron una versión superficial de la democracia que seguía sin responder en gran medida a la población. En el 2009, el partido de oposición de izquierda, el FMLN, ganó las elecciones presidenciales. Sin embargo, a pesar de ganar algunas reformas progresivas notables, no buscó, ni mucho menos logró, una ruptura radical de las políticas neoliberales de las administraciones anteriores. Con base en entrevistas personales y una revisión de fuentes periodísticas, encuestas, estudios académicos e informes oficiales y no gubernamentales, sostengo que el alejamiento del FMLN del socialismo revolucionario es atribuible a varios factores: un terreno político y mediático que todavía favorece a la derecha, la influencia continua del gobierno de los Estados Unidos y el control de los inversionistas privados sobre la economía. Estas fuerzas también ayudan a entender las limitaciones de gobiernos progresistas en otros países. ; Em El Salvador, os acordos de paz de 1992 acarretaram uma versão superficial da democracia que continuava, em grande medida, sem responder à população. Em 2009, o partido de oposição de esquerda, ...

"El Salvador's FMLN and the Constraints on Leftist Government" published on by Oxford University Press.